For people living with diabetes, foot care is not just about comfort—it's about prevention. Diabetic foot complications are a leading cause of hospitalization and amputation, but with proper daily care and awareness, most problems can be prevented.
Why Foot Care Matters for Diabetics
Diabetes can cause two major problems that affect your feet:
- Neuropathy (Nerve Damage): High blood sugar can damage nerves, causing numbness in your feet. You may not feel cuts, blisters, or injuries.
- Poor Circulation: Diabetes affects blood vessels, reducing blood flow to your feet. This means wounds heal slowly and infection risk increases.
Together, these factors mean that small problems can quickly become serious. A minor cut can become an ulcer, which can lead to infection and, in severe cases, amputation.
Daily Foot Care Routine
1. Inspect Your Feet Every Day
Check your feet daily for cuts, blisters, redness, swelling, or nail problems. Use a mirror to see the bottom of your feet, or ask a family member to help. Look between your toes carefully.
2. Wash Your Feet Daily
Wash your feet every day with lukewarm (not hot) water and mild soap. Test water temperature with your elbow or a thermometer—don't rely on your feet if you have numbness. Dry thoroughly, especially between toes.
3. Moisturize (But Not Between Toes)
Apply a thin layer of lotion to prevent dry, cracked skin. Avoid applying lotion between toes, as moisture there can promote fungal infections.
4. Trim Nails Carefully
Cut toenails straight across and file the edges. Don't cut too short or round the corners, as this can lead to ingrown nails. If you have trouble seeing or reaching your feet, see a professional.
5. Wear Proper Footwear
- Always wear shoes, even at home
- Choose comfortable, well-fitted shoes with good support
- Avoid high heels and pointed toes
- Check inside shoes for objects before wearing
- Wear clean, dry socks without tight elastic bands
Warning Signs: When to Seek Help
Contact your doctor immediately if you notice:
- Any cut, blister, or sore that doesn't heal within a few days
- Redness, warmth, or swelling
- Numbness, tingling, or burning sensation
- Changes in skin color
- Foul-smelling discharge
- Fever or chills with foot problems
- Pain in your legs or feet at rest
What to Avoid
- Don't walk barefoot – even at home or on the beach
- Don't use heating pads or hot water bottles – you may not feel burns
- Don't attempt "bathroom surgery" – don't cut calluses or corns yourself
- Don't smoke – it further reduces blood flow to your feet
- Don't wear tight socks or shoes – they restrict circulation
Managing Your Diabetes
The best protection for your feet is good diabetes management:
- Keep blood sugar levels in your target range
- Take medications as prescribed
- Maintain a healthy diet
- Exercise regularly (with proper footwear)
- Get regular check-ups and foot examinations
Professional Foot Examinations
Even with diligent home care, regular professional examinations are essential. See your doctor at least once a year for a comprehensive foot exam that checks for sensation, blood flow, and any developing problems.
Concerned About Your Feet?
Dr. Krishnani trained under Dr. Arun Bal, a pioneer in diabetic foot care. Get expert evaluation and care for your diabetic foot concerns.
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